1,751 research outputs found
A simple technique for combining simplified models and its application to direct stop production
The results of many LHC searches for supersymmetric particles are interpreted
using simplified models, in which one fixes the masses and couplings of most
sparticles then scans over a few remaining masses of interest. We present a new
technique for combining multiple simplified models (that requires no additional
simulation) thereby highlighting the utility and limitations of simplified
models in general, and demonstrating a simple way of improving LHC search
strategies. The technique is used to derive limits on the stop mass that are
model independent, modulo some reasonably generic assumptions which are
quantified precisely. We find that current ATLAS and CMS results exclude stop
masses up to 340 GeV for neutralino masses up to 120 GeV, provided that the
total branching ratio into channels other than top-neutralino and
bottom-chargino is small, and that there is no mass difference smaller than 10
GeV in the mass spectrum. In deriving these limits we place upper bounds on the
branching ratios for complete stop pair decay processes for many values of the
stop, neutralino and chargino masses. These are available with this paper.Comment: 25 pages, data included in source. V3: new content added, version
accepted for publicatio
Collider constraints on tuning in composite Higgs models
Two potential sources of tuning exist in composite Higgs models: one comes
from keeping the Higgs VEV below the compositeness scale and one comes from
keeping the Higgs light after constraints on the top partner masses are
applied. We construct a measure that determines whether these tunings are
independent or not and combines them appropriately. We perform a comprehensive
scan of the parameter space for three explicit models and report the minimum
tuning values compatible with existing collider constraints. Tuning values are
given as functions of resonance masses and deviations to the Higgs couplings so
the effect of future constraints can easily be quantified. The current minimum
tuning in the minimal model is 2.5-5% and will be decreased to around 0.8-3.3%
if no top partners are observed over the lifetime of the LHC.Comment: 31 pages, 18 figures. Comments and references added for v2, accepted
for publication in JHE
UV descriptions of composite Higgs models without elementary scalars
We consider four-dimensional UV descriptions of composite Higgs models
without elementary scalars, in which four-fermion interactions are introduced
to an underlying gauge theory like in the gauged NJL model. When the anomalous
dimension of the fermion bilinear is large, these interactions drive the
spontaneous global symmetry breaking in the model, with the Higgs identified as
a Nambu-Goldstone boson. The UV descriptions support composite top partner
operators, also with large anomalous dimensions, thereby providing an explicit
realisation of the idea of partial compositeness. In particular, the composite
SO(6)/SO(5) model can be described by an Sp gauge theory with four flavours of
fermion, together with a vector-like pair of fermions transforming in the
antisymmetric representation and charged under SU(3) colour. These fermions
confine to produce both the Higgs and top partner bound states. Our methods can
also be applied to different coset groups, suggesting that four-fermion
operators can describe the underlying UV dynamics of other composite Higgs
models.Comment: 28 pages. V2: references added, version accepted for publicatio
Degrees of Metastability in Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking
This thesis consists of an investigation into supersymmetry and its breaking. Emphasis is placed on the question of metastability and the role of non-topological solitons in the hidden sector.
A desirable feature in models employing direct gauge mediation is that of tree level metastability, in order to generate large enough gaugino masses. An explicit realisation of this idea is constructed via a simple deformation of SQCD that is well motivated and needs no fine tuning. Any viable metastable supersymmetry breaking vacuum must also be stable enough to survive until the present day. Non-topological solitons, or Q-balls, are supported in all such vacua where there is a conserved, global U(1) symmetry and no massless, charged scalars. It is shown that for a broad class of models Q-balls are extremely influential on the vacuum lifetime and make seemingly viable vacua catastrophically short lived. Even when there is no effect on vacuum stability flat directions charged under an R-symmetry are a ubiquitous feature of O’Raifeartaigh models. Non-topological solitons associated with this symmetry, R-balls, are likely to form through the fragmentation of a condensate. Their cosmology is studied and it is found that they can have significant observable effects, from acting as a good dark matter candidate to providing the primary source of reheating in the early universe
Natural gauge mediation with a bino NLSP at the LHC
Natural models of supersymmetry with a gravitino LSP provide distinctive
signatures at the LHC. For a neutralino NLSP, sparticles can decay to two high
energy photons plus missing energy. We use the ATLAS diphoton search with 4.8
fb^{-1} of data to place limits in both the stop-gluino and neutralino-chargino
mass planes for this scenario. If the neutralino is heavier than 50 GeV, the
lightest stop must be heavier than 580 GeV, the gluino heavier than 1100 GeV
and charginos must be heavier than approximately 300-470 GeV. This provides the
first nontrivial constraints in natural gauge mediation models with a
neutralino NLSP decaying to photons, and implies a fine tuning of at least a
few percent in such models.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures; v2: updated figure 3, version published in PR
On the technology of a beet sugar factory, for working up the produce of five hundred acres of beet.
In tracing the history of any great enterprise,it will rarely
appear that success has been attained all at once, but in most
instances the progress gained has been slow and gradual;and
it has generally been found to be a work of time to wear
down prejudices, alter the course of habitual thought and
practice, as well as to overcome that vis inertiae which is opposed
to all innovation and change. The cultivation of the White
or Silesian Beet, with its many attendant advantages in
relation to agriculture, and as a sugar-producing root, has
proved no exception to this ordinary experience. In support
of this, it may be well, before passing on to the particular
object of this paper, to draw attention to what has been done
towards the establishment of the important industry now under
consideration
Timor leste collaborative project: a short report
This report discusses findings from a small-scale scoping study, which is part of a larger curriculum project—a collaborative venture between staff from the Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa'e (UNTL) and a New Zealand university.
The aim of the wider project is to develop a context-sensitive English language curriculum for students at UNTL who are undergoing pre-service training to be teachers of English as a foreign language in local secondary schools. (Details of the institutional and linguistic context are provided in the appendix.) According to Norton (2000), investment by learners is a key factor in the successful implementation of a new curriculum: "if learners invest in a second language, they do so with the understanding that they will acquire a wider range of symbolic and material resources, which will increase their value in the social world" (Norton, 2000, pp. 165-166). Thus, when designing the curriculum, it is important to ensure that the students will not only understand how to use the specific learning tasks but that it also expands their repertoire of skills and knowledge for application in their subsequent professional and social lives.
The report begins by outlining the history and objectives of the project before explaining the specific research questions posed for the scoping study. The means of collecting data will be outlined and examples of the participants' attitudes will be presented based on open-ended questionnaire responses. These findings will be discussed in terms of how they might lead to the design of a curriculum which is internationally-framed and context-sensitive in terms both of its content and implementation. The report will conclude with the further steps that are being taken to move the project to its next phase
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